Definition Of Biology Dissection Specimens

 Definition Of Biology Dissection Specimens...

A nurse will be called upon to collect specimens of the excretions and more rarely of the secretions of the body from time to time. Most commonly specimens of urine, faces, sputum and vomit will be required.

The examination of such specimens may be necessary for a variety of reasons:

In order to arrive at a diagnosis.

To note the progress of the disease.

To observe the effect of any special treatment or drug. Before the administration of a general anesthetic.

A specimen required for bacteriological examination may be rendered useless by being carelessly collected.

Specimens that have been in contact with disinfectants are of little or no value.

Proper labeling of specimens is as important as careful handling.

Urine

An ordinary specimen—that is, the routine specimen collected either on admission or daily, or twice weekly, in the routine administration of a ward may be taken first thing in the morning or last. Thing at night.

To collect this, the nurse gives the patient a clean bedpan or urinal, and saves I 50 ml of the quantity passed in a specimen glass, which should then be covered and labeled with the name of the patient, the ward, and the date on which it was collected.

A woman should be asked not to have her bowels moved at the same time if she can avoid this. Should she be menstruating the nurse should swab the vulva and place a pad of absorbent wool into the vaginal orifice over which the urine trickles into the bedpan and, with care, mixing of the menstrual flow can be avoided. A note that the woman, from whom the specimen was obtained, is menstruating should be made.

A sterile specimen can only be obtained by means of catheterization and then it is put up in a sterile specimen bottle provided by the laboratory and the word 'sterile' added to the label.

A midstream specimen. The principles for collecting this type of Specimen are:

I. The first stream is passed into a vessel or the lavatory pan; this flushes the urethra—the flow is arrested

2.            The mid-stream is passed into a sterile receiver or into a sterile container supplied by the laboratory and again arrested

3.            The remainder of the stream is voided

A procedure sheet is supplied by some authorities for preliminary cleansing and drying. In women the labia are cleansed and held apart as the mid-stream specimen must pass from the urethra into the sterile receiver without being contaminated.

In an apprehensive patient unable to arrest the flow as directed, the sterile container may be inserted to collect the specimen at mid-stream and then withdrawn. The outside of the container is dim cleansed, dried and labeled for transmission to the laboratory.

To collect a 24-hour specimen. At a given time the urine passed is discarded and then all the urine passed during the next 24 hours is collected. Label a large bottle into which this urine is poured, noting on a label each time of collection and the amount passed.

Sometimes the whole quantity is sent for examination; sometimes only a specimen from it which should be obtained after slowly inverting the bottle once to ensure thorough mixing of the contents.

To collect a specimen from a baby. There is special disposable polythene urine collecting bags which can be used for both sexes.

Alternatively, in the case of a girl, use a sterile napkin, place a pad of wool in front and below the vulva, and when the baby has passed urine the nurse places this wool in a sterile wringer by means of forceps and squeezes the urine into a clean glass.

If the infant is a boy the penis may be placed in a sterile test-tube provided the sharp edges of the top are covered by stretching a piece of rubber or polythene from a finger cot over it, or by means of wool.